AI Engages in Dogfight with Human Pilot in DARPA’s Air Combat Evolution Program: Exploring the Future of Aerial Warfare

In September, an F-16 fighter controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) engaged in a dogfight with another F-16 piloted by humans at the US Air Force Test Pilot Training School at Edwards Air Force Base. This exercise was part of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Air Combat Evolution (ACE) program, aimed at developing automated control systems with capabilities equivalent to human pilots.

The ACE program started with the X-62A, also known as the In-Flight Simulation Test Aircraft (VISTA), which is based on Lockheed Martin’s F-16D fighter. Equipped with a Block 40 avionics system and various modifications for AI integration, the X-62A has demonstrated the ability to fly without a pilot for long hours. The goal of the program is to use machine learning to replace humans in controlling aircraft, especially in complex and unpredictable situations like aerial combat.

Through ongoing trials and developments, DARPA is working towards creating AI systems that can enhance aerial combat capabilities and potentially change the dynamics of air warfare. With strict safety regulations in place for high altitude and speed aerial combat trials, there is always a pilot present in the cockpit for safety purposes. The ACE program aims to regulate AI, establish ethical guidelines for its use, and study human trust in AI. Successful implementation of ACE could lead to AI systems taking over pilot roles in combat and allowing pilots to focus on more strategic aspects of missions.