Coffee milk birthmarks are a type of congenital pigmentation disorder that occurs when there is an increased amount of melanin and giant melanosomes in the skin. These birthmarks can range in size from a few millimeters to 20 cm and can be easily recognized with the naked eye. Although they usually do not require treatment, larger birthmarks that affect aesthetics can be treated with lasers.
The types of lasers used for treating coffee milk birthmarks include Q-switched lasers with specific wavelengths that target melanin pigments. This selective photothermal lysis effect breaks down melanosomes into small pieces that the body can eliminate naturally, resulting in a more even skin tone. The laser procedure is safe, effective, and leaves no scars, but pigmentation may recur after treatment stops.
Before undergoing laser treatment, patients may receive anesthetics and cold compresses to reduce pain. The number of laser exposures, wavelength, and energy used depend on the color, size, and shape of the birthmark. After treatment, patients should avoid sunlight and use sunscreen to protect the treated skin area. If there are multiple or unusually large pigmented birthmarks or if the birthmark shows unusual symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention.
In summary, laser treatment for coffee milk birthmarks is a straightforward procedure that can effectively fade pigmentation. It is important to follow post-treatment care instructions to ensure the best outcomes.