Japan has long been recognized as having one of the best structured technical training programs in Asia. With a focus on vocational education and a strong tradition of science and technology, the country has solid structures in place that are lacking in many other Asian countries.
However, Japan is facing a growing labor shortage due to its shrinking population. Around 600,000 people are lost each year, and this trend is expected to continue, reaching a million people soon. The economy is feeling the impact of this population decline, particularly in craft and industrial professions.
In response to this challenge, Japan has implemented several initiatives aimed at attracting foreign skilled workers and increasing female participation in STEM fields. The government has introduced new visa regulations and partnered with foreign manufacturers to introduce dual training programs. Additionally, the government has been working on enhancing STEM training under the “Society 5.0” initiative since 2016, with increased funding programs in 2021.
While Japan may not lead in international comparisons for graduates of natural sciences, mathematics, and engineering studies, its focus on monozukuri (making things) and vocational training sets it apart. The country’s early emphasis on mathematics and manual skills, along with a strong tie between schools and companies, provide a solid foundation for vocational education in Japan.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain as the labor shortage grows and innovation rankings slip. Japan is working towards systemic reforms to promote invention in education and alleviate the shortage of skilled workers. In particular, there is a focus on attracting more women to STEM fields, as the country has more room than others to increase female participation in these areas. By bridging the gap between the traditional education system and new demands, Japan is aiming to maintain its competitive edge in the global economy.