Individuals with thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) experience blood clots in the blood vessels of their brain or other parts of the body, along with low platelet counts. Platelets normally assist in blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding. However, TTS can reduce normal blood flow in blood vessels due to the formation of these clots.
While scientists are still studying how TTS forms, some experts believe it is similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), an unusual reaction to the anticoagulant drug heparin. Symptoms can vary depending on whether they affect the brain or other parts of the body. Brain symptoms may include severe headaches, vision problems, seizures, or difficulty speaking. Body symptoms may involve chest pain, abdominal pain, shortness of breath or swelling.
Currently, there are no known medical conditions that increase the risk of developing TTS after vaccination. Younger people and women may experience more severe symptoms than older individuals and men. The risk of TTS after the second vaccine dose is lower than after the first one. Diagnosing TTS involves a combination of blood tests and CT scans. Treatment often includes anticoagulants and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for blood transfusions containing antibodies as well as high doses of prednisone.
In some cases where a brain clot is suspected, immediate hospitalization may be necessary for treatment. It’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly if TTS is suspected to avoid severe complications or even death from these clots forming in critical areas like the brain.
Scientists continue to research ways to better understand and treat this condition while also ensuring that new vaccines are safe for public use.