The Comet Geyser sample is composed of carbonate, which indicates that water, carbon dioxide, and elements from rocks or sediments in the ancient Jezero crater once combined to form carbonate. Carbonate minerals found in Earth’s rock record can be used to understand past climate conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, and aridity. Similarly, silica phases are created when water interacts with rocks or sediments. By examining the composition and crystallinity of silica, researchers can gain information about the intensity and duration of weathering as well as the pressure and temperature conditions during its formation.
The presence of carbonate in the Comet Geyser sample suggests that a reaction occurred between water, carbon dioxide, and chemical elements from rocks or sediments in and around the ancient Jezero crater to form carbonate. Silica phases are also formed when water interacts with rocks or sediments. By analyzing the composition and crystallinity of silica, scientists can learn about past weathering conditions and how they have influenced life on Earth over time.