Scientists have discovered a hot lava planet made of diamond using the James Webb telescope. This planet, known as 55 Cancri e, is nearly twice as wide as Earth and nine times more massive. It belongs to the super-Earth group of exoplanets, indicating that it is more massive than Earth but lighter than Neptune and Uranus.
Located about 41 light-years from the solar system, 55 Cancri e is hypothesized to be mainly composed of carbon compressed into diamond due to its high density. The intense radiation from its host star, only 2.3 km away, caused it to lose its original atmosphere. However, recent research published in Nature revealed the presence of a thick layer of gas surrounding the planet, indicating the development of a second atmosphere.
This second atmosphere could be supported by gas escaping from the planet’s rock layer due to its proximity to the host star and the intense heat it receives. Initial observations using the Hubble space telescope in 2016 suggested that 55 Cancri e’s atmosphere contained hydrogen and helium. Further studies using the James Webb Space Telescope ruled out the possibility of a hot lava world and indicated that volcanic activity on the planet may have played a role in the development of its second atmosphere.
While the exact composition of this unique exoplanet’s second atmosphere is still under investigation, models suggest it may contain significant amounts of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The discovery of this diverse exoplanetary system showcases how complex and diverse planetary systems beyond our own can be.
In conclusion, astronomers have made an incredible discovery with new data revealing that there are many different ways for planets to form beyond our solar system. With continued exploration through powerful telescopes like James Webb Space Telescope, we will continue to uncover more secrets about these fascinating worlds.